What are the common faults in power equipment?
Release time:
2026.01.23
During operation, power equipment is prone to a variety of common faults, covering multiple components such as generators, transformers, transmission lines, distribution equipment, and motors. The following is an overview of typical faults:
Generator set failure: Typically manifests as abnormal voltage conditions, such as fluctuating readings on the voltmeter or unloaded voltage deviating from the standard value. In severe cases, this is accompanied by vibration of the voltmeter. Such failures are often associated with malfunctions in the excitation system regulation or aging of winding insulation.
Transformer faults include partial discharge caused by abnormal oil chromatography and poor contact in tap changers. For example, a 220kV main transformer experienced increased contact resistance due to fatigue in the spring of its tap changer contacts, leading to localized arc discharge and a sudden rise in acetylene levels in the oil. Additionally, common issues also include bushing cracks, oil leaks, and abnormal noises from the core.
Transmission Line Faults: Affected by natural factors (such as lightning strikes and freezing) and human factors (such as construction damage), transmission lines are prone to breakage, insulator flashovers, or ground faults, leading to power outages or voltage fluctuations.
Distribution equipment failures include issues such as circuit breaker failure to operate, contactor failing to engage, busbar overheating, or short circuits. For example, a 110kV circuit breaker experienced a tripping circuit malfunction due to loose bolts at the secondary circuit terminal block, resulting in poor contact and triggering a failure-to-operate incident.
Motor failures include winding burnout, bearing damage, and rotor rubbing against the stator. A certain 5.5 kW motor experienced phase failure due to burnt contacts on its AC contactor, ultimately resulting in repeated winding burnouts.
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